163 Overview Principal Producing Development  Highlighted Evaluation  Evaluation/Exploration  Mineral Resources and Reserves Term Definition National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-101) A national instrument for the Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects within Canada. The Instrument is a codified set of rules and guidelines for reporting and displaying information related to mineral properties owned by, or explored by, companies which report these results on stock exchanges within Canada. This includes foreign-owned mining entities who trade on stock exchanges overseen by the Canadian Securities Administrators, even if they only trade on Over The Counter (OTC) derivatives or other instrumented securities. Net profits interest (NPI) royalty A defined percentage of profits less certain contract-defined expenses. Net smelter return (NSR) royalty A defined percentage of the gross revenue from a resource extraction operation less a proportionate share of incidental transportation, insurance, refining and smelting costs. Net value royalty (NVR) A defined percentage of the gross revenue from a resource extraction operation less certain contract-defined costs. Non-refractory ores Ore that is amenable to gold extraction using cyanide. Open-pit mining A surface mining technique that extracts minerals from an open-pit in the ground. Open-stoping Stoping is practiced in underground mineral mining when the surrounding rock is strong enough to permit the drilling, blasting, and removal of ore without caving. In mines where the rock requires no artificial support, the operation is known as open stoping. Oxide ore A mineral or compound characterized by the linkage of oxygen, hydroxide, carbonate or sulfate with a metal or semimetal. Passive income Income earned from property (i.e. rental, interest income, royalties, etc.). Paste-backfill Backfill material consisting of dewatered tailings and binder prepared at a high density for backfilling underground stopes. Paste backfill has little or no water discharge. Payable metal Ounces or pounds of metal after deduction of a percentage of metal in concentrate by a third- party smelter pursuant to smelting contracts. Polymetallic A deposit type composed of a combination of different metals. Porphyry deposits Intrusion-related, large tonnage low grade mineral deposits with metal assemblages that may include all or some of copper, molybdenum, gold and silver. Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) or Scoping Study Early-stage conceptual assessment of the potential economic viability of mineral resources. Generally based on industry standards. Also referred to as a Scoping Study. Preliminary Feasibility Study/ Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS) Economic and engineering studies sufficient to demonstrate economic viability and establish mineral reserves. Similar to a Preliminary Economic Assessment; however, it is more precise and contains more detailed information, including project specific metrics. Generally contains a significant focus on options analysis. Pressure oxidation A hydrometallurgical process that recovers metals from sulphide ores by injecting oxygen into slurry in an autoclave vessel. Operating at high pressures and temperatures, the exothermic process generates heat and acid. Produced metal Refers to the metal recovered from mine site operations and contained in the form of either concentrate, cathode or doré. Pulp agglomeration A process of grinding high grade ore (the pulp), combining with cement, and tumbling to form round balls. Refining The final procedure for removing (and often recovering as by-products) the last small amounts of impurities left after the major extraction steps have been completed. It leaves the major metallic element in a practically pure state for commercial application. The procedure is accomplished in three ways: furnace, electrolytic, or by chemical methods. Refractory ores Sulfide ore that is not amenable to gold extraction using cyanide without an oxidation process. Right of first offer (ROFO) A contractual right that gives its holder the option to enter a business transaction with a person or company before anyone else can. Roasting A process of heating ore to a high temperature in the presence of air. It is a step in the processing of refractory ores. Room-and-pillar A mining system in which the mined material is extracted across a horizontal plane, creating horizontal arrays of rooms and pillars.