165 Overview Principal Producing Development  Highlighted Evaluation  Evaluation/Exploration  Mineral Resources and Reserves Cautionary Statements Forward-Looking Statements : This handbook and our other public communications include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of U.S. federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements are any statements other than statements of historical fact. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and actual results may differ materially from these statements. Forward-looking statements are often identified by words like “will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “forecast,” “potential,” “intend,” “continue,” “project,” or negatives of these words or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: operators’ expected operating and financial performance, including production, deliveries, mine plans, environmental and feasibility studies, technical reports, estimates of mineral resources and mineral reserves, development, cash flows and liquidity, capital requirements and capital expenditures; the potential for organic growth within our portfolio; statements about our expected financial performance and outlook; influence on our operators’ operations; receipt and timing of metal deliveries; liquidity, capital resources, financing and stockholder returns; the materiality of properties within our portfolio; macroeconomic and market conditions; returns on investments; sufficiency of contractual protections; and prices for gold, silver, copper and other metals. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: a lower-price environment for gold, silver, copper or other metals; operating activities or financial performance of properties on which we hold stream or royalty interests, including variations between actual and forecasted performance, operators’ ability to complete projects on schedule and as planned, operators’ changes to mine plans and mineral reserves and mineral resources (including updated mineral reserve and mineral resource information), liquidity needs, mining and environmental hazards, labor disputes, distribution and supply chain disruptions, permitting and licensing issues, or operational disruptions; contractual issues involving our stream or royalty agreements; the timing of deliveries of metals from operators and our subsequent sales of metal; risks associated with doing business in foreign countries; increased competition for stream and royalty interests; environmental risks, including those caused by climate change; potential cyber-attacks, including ransomware; adverse economic and market conditions; impact of health epidemics and pandemics; changes in laws or regulations governing us, operators or operating properties; changes in management and key employees; and other factors described in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including in Item 1A – Risk Factors of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. Most of these factors are beyond our ability to predict or control. Other unpredictable or unknown factors not discussed in this handbook could also have material adverse effects on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. We disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward- looking statements. References to Years: All references in this handbook to years are to the 12 months ended or ending December 31 of the referenced year, unless otherwise noted. Information Regarding Khoemac a u: Information in this handbook concerning the Khoemac a u Copper Project was provided to us by Khoemac a u Copper Mining (Pty.) Limited, the privately held operator of Khoemac a u. Such information may not have been prepared in accordance with applicable laws, stock exchange rules or international standards governing preparation and public disclosure of technical data and information relating to mineral properties. We have not verified, and are not in a position to verify, and expressly disclaim any responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or fairness of this third-party information, and investors are cautioned not to rely upon this information.