Technical Monitoring We actively monitor our stream and royalty interests to understand the Operators’ economic and operational health and their social license to operate. Our stream agreements typically have extensive information rights while our royalty agreements typically do not provide us with a contractual right to detailed, non-public information. In these instances, we rely on public disclosures by the Operators, which include their quarterly and annual reporting, sustainability, climate and modern slavery reports, among other reports, and a positive working relationship with the Operators to obtain our monitoring data. Where we have the right to do so, we often perform site visits to interface with Operator management teams and gather information and insights that are not available from public disclosures by the Operators. In addition, we rely on third-party information sources that: • Aggregate and vet site-specific data with respect to energy, GHG emissions and water usage, along with associated usage intensity • Aggregate information, with respect to tailing storage facilities, using a third-party with geotechnical expertise • Collect negative ESG news events and rank ESG reputational risk on the bases of asset, company and country • Systematically collect news articles relating to the Operators and projects • Collect digital satellite images of selected properties on an as-needed basis A graphical representation of our monitoring initiatives and our third-party information providers is in the figure to the right. TAILING STORAGE FACILITIES Site-specific characteristics Hazard ratings Third-Party Engineering Firms AGENTIC PROPERTY MONITORING OPERATOR REPORTING Monthly Site Reports Annual Site Visits Issue Discussions With Management Sustainability Reports and Data Asset Owner Public Disclosure EXTERNAL DATA SOURCES Energy and GHG Emissions and Intensities Water Consumption and Intensities Asset Monitoring Information Sources REMOTE VISUAL TRACKING High-resolution satellite monitoring to understand development, disturbance and event impacts DAILY NEWS FLOW Systematic collection of news flow from our complete portfolio of assets ESG EVENT TRACKING Tracking of asset and parent company monitoring for negative ESG events and overall ESG Risk INTRODUCTION ABOUT ROYAL GOLD GOVERNANCE OUR PEOPLE OPERATORS AND COMMUNITIES INVESTMENT STEWARDSHIP APPENDICES Royal Gold | 2025-2026 Investment Stewardship Report 37 Canada site visit, 2026