Term Definition Transverse open-stoping A longhole open stoping method used in wider orebodies where footwall access is justified and a primary-secondary stope mining sequence can lead to high productivity. Also used in orebodies with weak hangingwalls where the hangingwall span needs to be limited and personnel and equipment kept remote from the hangingwall. Unconsolidated waste backfill Waste material deposited in stopes with no binder addition. Underground mining The process of extracting minerals from the earth through the development of shafts, adits and declines from the surface to the deposits before recovering the products using underground extraction methods. ROYAL GOLD 2024 Asset Handbook 186